Assertion Roulette
^^^^^
**Definition:**

* Occurs when a test method has multiple non-documented assertions. Multiple assertion statements in a test method without a descriptive message impacts readability/understandability/maintainability as it’s not possible to understand the reason for the failure of the test.


.. code-block:: python
    
    import unittest
 
    airLinesCode = ['2569','2450','2340']
    
    class Flight:
        def __init__(self,airLine,mileage):
            self.mileage = mileage
            self.airLine = airLine
            self.fullFuel = True
            
        def isValidAirLineCode(self):
            for airLineCode in airLinesCode:
                if(self.airLine == airLineCode):
                    return True
            return False

    class TestFlight(unittest.TestCase):
        def test_flight(self):
            flight = Flight('2569',1000)
            
            self.assertEqual(flight.mileage,1000)
            self.assertTrue(flight.fullFuel)
            self.assertTrue(flight.isValidAirLineCode())

    if __name__ == '__main__':
        unittest.main(argv=['first-arg-is-ignored'], exit=False)

**References:**

.. admonition:: Quality attributes

    * :octicon:`file-code;1em` -  Code Example
    * :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` -  Cause and Effect
    * :octicon:`graph;1em` -  Frequency
    * :octicon:`sync;1em` -  Refactoring

* `A preliminary evaluation on the relationship among architectural and test smells <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10006864/>`_
* `A survey on test practitioners' awareness of test smells <https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.05613>`_
* `An Empirical Study into the Relationship Between Class Features and Test Smells <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7890581>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `An Exploratory Study on the Refactoring of Unit Test Files in Android Applications <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3387940.3392189>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `An empirical analysis of the distribution of unit test smells and their impact on software maintenance <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6405253>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `An empirical investigation into the nature of test smells <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2970276.2970340>`_ :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `An exploratory study of the relationship between software test smells and fault-proneness <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8847402/>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Analyzing Test Smells Refactoring from a Developers Perspective <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3571473.3571487>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `Are test smells really harmful? An empirical study <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10664-014-9313-0>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `As Code Testing: Characterizing Test Quality in Open Source Ansible Development <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9787876>`_ :octicon:`file-code;1em` :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em`
* `Assessing diffusion and perception of test smells in scala projects <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/MSR.2019.00072>`_ :octicon:`file-code;1em` :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `Automatic Identification of High-Impact Bug Report by Product and Test Code Quality <https://huang.zj.cn/pdf/J13.pdf>`_
* `Automatic generation of smell-free unit tests <https://repositorio.ul.pt/handle/10451/56819>`_ :octicon:`file-code;1em` :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em`
* `Categorising Test Smells <https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.696.5180&rep=rep1&type=pdf>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Characterizing High-Quality Test Methods: A First Empirical Study <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9796158/>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Detection of test smells with basic language analysis methods and its evaluation <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10123551/>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Developers perception on the severity of test smells: an empirical study <https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.13902>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `Did You Remember To Test Your Tokens? <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3379597.3387471>`_ :octicon:`file-code;1em` :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em`
* `Do the Test Smells Assertion Roulette and Eager Test Impact Students' Troubleshooting and Debugging Capabilities? <https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.04234>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em`
* `Enhancing developers’ awareness on test suites’ quality with test smell summaries <https://lutpub.lut.fi/handle/10024/158751>`_
* `Generated Tests in the Context of Maintenance Tasks: A Series of Empirical Studies <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9954000/>`_ :octicon:`file-code;1em` :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `Handling Test Smells in Python: Results from a Mixed-Method Study <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3474624.3477066>`_
* `How are test smells treated in the wild? A tale of two empirical studies <https://sol.sbc.org.br/journals/index.php/jserd/article/download/1802/1807/7485>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Improving Student Testing Practices through a Lightweight Checklist Intervention. <https://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/bitstream/handle/1840.20/39743/etd.pdf?sequence=1>`_ :octicon:`file-code;1em` :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Inspecting Automated Test Code: A Preliminary Study <https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.5555/1768961.1768982>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Investigating Severity Thresholds for Test Smells <https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3379597.3387453>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em`
* `Investigating Test Smells in JavaScript Test Code <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3482909.3482915>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Is Assertion Roulette still a test smell? An experiment from the perspective of testing education <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9833107/>`_ :octicon:`file-code;1em` :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `On the Distribution of "Simple Stupid Bugs" in Unit Test Files: An Exploratory Study <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9463091>`_
* `On the Relation of Test Smells to Software Code Quality <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8529832>`_
* `On the diffusion of test smells and their relationship with test code quality of Java projects <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smr.2532>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `On the diffusion of test smells in automatically generated test code: an empirical study <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2897010.2897016>`_
* `On the distribution of test smells in open source Android applications: an exploratory study <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3370272.3370293>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `On the influence of Test Smells on Test Coverage <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3350768.3350775>`_
* `On the interplay between software testing and evolution and its effect on program comprehension <https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-76440-3_8>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em`
* `On the test smells detection: an empirical study on the jnose test accuracy <https://sol.sbc.org.br/journals/index.php/jserd/article/view/1893>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `On the use of test smells for prediction of flaky tests <https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3482909.3482916>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Pizza versus Pinsa: On the Perception and Measurability of Unit Test Code Quality <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9240623/>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Practitioner Perceptions of Ansible Test Smells <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10092644/>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em`
* `PyNose: A Test Smell Detector For Python <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9678615/>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Pytest-Smell: a smell detection tool for Python unit tests <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3533767.3543290>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Quality defects detection in unit tests <https://jrnl.nau.edu.ua/index.php/IPZ/article/download/3084/3036/0>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em`
* `RAIDE: a tool for Assertion Roulette and Duplicate Assert identification and refactoring <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3422392.3422510>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `Refactoring Test Code <https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.19.5499&rep=rep1&type=pdf>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `Refactoring Test Smells With JUnit 5: Why Should Developers Keep Up-to-Date? <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9769994/>`_ :octicon:`file-code;1em` :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `Refactoring Test Smells: A Perspective from Open-Source Developers <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3425174.3425212>`_ :octicon:`file-code;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `Revisiting Test Smells in Automatically Generated Tests: Limitations, Pitfalls, and Opportunities <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9240691>`_ :octicon:`file-code;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Scented since the beginning: On the diffuseness of test smells in automatically generated test code <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121219301487?casa_token=UT0EMFzxTcQAAAAA:L9J82_15tdySkabcIMSHKPx8rVkrltOzcwgme5cIBWgT0txJENY5y-BdUmCYUoGHnoEjZJH-cYc>`_
* `Smart prediction for refactorings in the software test code <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3474624.3477070>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `SoCRATES: Scala radar for test smells <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3337932.3338815>`_
* `Software Unit Test Smells <https://testsmells.org/>`_ :octicon:`file-code;1em`
* `Test Artifacts — The Practical Testing Book <https://damorimrg.github.io/practical_testing_book/goodpractices/artifacts.html>`_ :octicon:`file-code;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `Test Smell Detection Tools: A Systematic Mapping Study <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3463274.3463335>`_
* `Test-related factors and post-release defects: an empirical study <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3338906.3342500>`_
* `TestAXE: Automatically Refactoring Test Smells Using JUnit 5 Features <https://sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/cbsoft_estendido/article/view/22311>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `TestQ: Exploring Structural and Maintenance Characteristics of Unit Test Suites <https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.649.6409&rep=rep1&type=pdf>`_
* `The Relation of Test-Related Factors to Software Quality: A Case Study on Apache Systems <https://search.proquest.com/openview/c52d821a4dd6ecb046957d9d6a532ae0/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=326341>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `The secret life of test smells-an empirical study on test smell evolution and maintenance <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10664-021-09969-1>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `To What Extent Can Code Quality be Improved by Eliminating Test Smells? <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9763153/>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em`
* `Toward static test flakiness prediction: a feasibility study <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3472674.3473981>`_
* `Towards Automated Tools for Detecting Test Smells: An Empirical Investigation into the Nature of Test Smells <https://dibt.unimol.it/staff/fpalomba/documents/C14.pdf>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Understanding Testability and Test Smells <https://www.designite-tools.com/blog/understanding-testability-test-smells>`_
* `Understanding practitioners’ strategies to handle test smells: a multi-method study <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3474624.3474639>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`
* `Unit Test Smells and Accuracy of Software Engineering Student Test Suites <https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3430665.3456328?casa_token=igLWdXV-fTYAAAAA:UZiEPkDc2-NRE6_Zi0Q9FRDeUjeyZcdVTLO9Kzk53cVuo7LC-nC7m690pw6vZpQmMfa5ktOcw2pvFw>`_
* `What We Know About Smells in Software Test Code <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8501942>`_
* `What the Smell? An Empirical Investigation on the Distribution and Severity of Test Smells in Open Source Android Applications <https://www.proquest.com/openview/17433ac63caf619abb410e441e6557f0/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750>`_ :octicon:`graph;1em`
* `Why do builds fail?—A conceptual replication study <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121221000364>`_
* `tsDetect: an open source test smells detection tool <https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3368089.3417921>`_
* `xUnit test patterns: Refactoring test code <https://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-BR&lr=&id=-izOiCEIABQC&oi=fnd&pg=PT19&dq=%22test+code%22+AND+(%22test*+smell*%22+OR+antipattern*+OR+%22poor+quality%22)&ots=YL71coYZkx&sig=s3U1TNqypvSAzSilSbex5lnHonk#v=onepage&q=%22test%20code%22%20AND%20(%22test*%20smell*%22%20OR%20antipattern*%20OR%20%22poor%20quality%22)&f=false>`_ :octicon:`comment-discussion;1em` :octicon:`sync;1em`